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Orexin A in the VTA Is Critical for the Induction of Synaptic Plasticity and Behavioral Sensitization to Cocaine

• Stephanie L Borgland, Sharif A. Taha, Federica Sarti, Howard L Fields, Antonello Bonci
• Neuron
• 2006

Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represent a critical site of synaptic plasticity induced by addictive drugs. Orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus… (More)

The Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus (RMTg), a GABAergic Afferent to Midbrain Dopamine Neurons, Encodes Aversive Stimuli and Inhibits Motor Responses

• Thomas Clayton Jhou, Howard L Fields, Mark G Baxter, Clifford B. Saper, Peter C. Holland
• Neuron
• 2009

Separate studies have implicated the lateral habenula (LHb) or amygdala-related regions in processing aversive stimuli, but their relationships to each other and to appetitive motivational systems… (More)

Endogenous pain control systems: brainstem spinal pathways and endorphin circuitry.

• Allan I. Basbaum, Howard L Fields
• Annual review of neuroscience
• 1984

The ventral tegmental area revisited: is there an electrophysiological marker for dopaminergic neurons?

• Elyssa B. Margolis, Hagar Lock, Gregory O Hjelmstad, Howard L Fields
• The Journal of physiology
• 2006

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and in particular VTA dopamine (DA) neurons are postulated to play a central role in reward, motivation and drug addiction. However, most evidence implicating VTA DA… (More)

Cue-evoked firing of nucleus accumbens neurons encodes motivational significance during a discriminative stimulus task.

• Saleem M Nicola, Irene A Yun, Ken T. Wakabayashi, Howard L Fields
• Journal of neurophysiology
• 2004

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has long been thought of as a limbic-motor interface. Despite behavioral and anatomical evidence in favor of this idea, little is known about how NAc neurons encode… (More)

Neurotransmitters in nociceptive modulatory circuits.

• Howard L Fields, Mary Magdalen Heinricher, Peggy Mason
• Annual review of neuroscience
• 1991

Significant advances have been made in our understanding of nociceptive modulation from RVM. Among the most useful conceptually has been the discovery that there are two classes of modulatory neurons… (More)

Evidence that an excitatory connection between the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus mediates stimulation produced analgesia

• Michael M Behbehani, Howard L Fields
• Brain Research
• 1979

Both electrical stimulation and injection of morphine into the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) produce analgesia in the rat. There is evidence that this analgesic effect is mediated by a… (More)

Kappa opioids selectively control dopaminergic neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex.

• Elyssa B. Margolis, Hagar Lock, Vladimir I. Chefer, Toni Shaun Shippenberg, Gregory O Hjelmstad, Howard L Fields
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
• 2006

Dopaminergic afferents arising from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are crucial elements in the neural circuits that mediate arousal, motivation, and reinforcement. Two major targets of these… (More)

Pain modulation: expectation, opioid analgesia and virtual pain.

• Howard L Fields
• Progress in brain research
• 2000

To summarize, although there are multiple potential target nuclei for modulating pain transmission and several candidate efferent pathways that exert modulatory control, the most completely described… (More)

The affective component of pain in rodents: direct evidence for a contribution of the anterior cingulate cortex.

• Joshua P Johansen, Howard L Fields, Barton H. Manning
• Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
• 2001

Numerous human and animal studies indirectly implicate neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the encoding of the affective consequences of nociceptor stimulation. No causal evidence,… (More)

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