Lymphotoxin (LT) is widely regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine with activities equivalent to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The contribution of LT to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)… (More)
Mice without secreted TNF but with functional, normally regulated and expressed membrane-bound TNF (memTNF(Delta/Delta) mice) were created by knocking-in the uncleavable Delta 1-9,K11E TNF allele. In… (More)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-dependent sites of action in the generation of autoimmune inflammation have been defined by targeted disruption of TNF in the C57BL/6 mouse strain. C57BL/6 mice are… (More)
Specialized roles for the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) were characterized in TNF/LT alpha -/- and TNF -/- mice established by direct gene targeting of… (More)
The resolution of infections with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major in mice requires a Th1 response that is closely associated with the expression of IL-12, IFN-gamma, and inducible NO… (More)
In the early phase of leishmaniasis three types of potential antigen-presenting cells, including epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), dermal dendritic cells (DC) and inflammatory DC, are localized at the… (More)
Human leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan Leishmania (L.) parasites and comprises a heterogeneous group of clinical appearances ranging from visceral to cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the New World, L.… (More)
Cerebral listeriosis is a life-threatening disease. However, little is known about the bacterial virulence factors responsible for the severe course of disease and the factors of the immune system… (More)
Recent evidence suggests a role for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this work was to examine the effect of a deficiency of TNF… (More)