Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D4 receptor with high affinity for the antipsychotic clozapine
- H. V. Tol, J. Bunzow, O. Civelli
- Psychology, BiologyNature
- 18 April 1991
The cloning of a gene that encodes a dopamine receptor gene that has high homology to the human dopamine D2 and D3 receptor genes is reported, which suggests the existence of other types of dopamine receptors which are more sensitive to clozapine.
Cloning of the gene for a human dopamine D5 receptor with higher affinity for dopamine than D1
- R. Sunahara, H. Guan, H. Niznik
- Biology, MedicineNature
- 18 April 1991
The cloning of a gene encoding a 477-amino-acid protein with strong homology to the cloned Dt receptor is reported here the existence of a dopamine D1-like receptor with these characteristics had not been predicted and may represent an alternative pathway for dopamine-mediated events and regulation of D2 receptor activity.
Multiple dopamine D4 receptor variants in the human population
- H. V. Tol, Caren M. Wu, V. Jovanovic
- Biology, PsychologyNature
- 9 July 1992
This is the first report of a receptor in the catecholamine receptor family that displays polymorphic variation in the human population and such variation among humans may underlie individual differences in susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disease and in responsiveness to antipsychotic medication.
The Dopamine D2 Receptor
- O. Civelli, J. Bunzow, P. Albert, H. V. Tol, D. Grandy
- Biology, Medicine
- 1992
Dopamine is the dominant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, but is predominant in the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and tuberoinfundibular tracts.
Cloning and expression of a rat D2 dopamine receptor cDNA
- J. Bunzow, H. V. Tol, O. Civelli
- BiologyNature
- 1988
This receptor has been characterized on the basis of three criteria: the deduced amino-acid sequence which reveals that it is a member of the family of G-protein-coupled receptors; the tissue distribution of the mRNA which parallels that of the D2 dopamine receptor; and the pharmacological profile of mouse fibroblast cells transfected with the cDNA.
A D2 Class Dopamine Receptor Transactivates a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase to Inhibit NMDA Receptor Transmission
- S. Kotecha, J. Oak, J. Macdonald
- Biology, PsychologyNeuron
- 12 September 2002
Dopamine D4 receptors elevated in schizophrenia
It is concluded that the combined density of D2 and D3 receptors (labelled by [3H]raclopride) is increased by only 10% in schizophrenia brain, as found by Farde et al.15, but that it is the density of dopamine D4 receptors which is sixfold elevated in schizophrenia.
Atypical Neuroleptics Have Low Affinity for Dopamine D2 Receptors or Are Selective for D4 Receptors
- P. Seeman, R. Corbett, H. V. Tol
- Psychology, BiologyNeuropsychopharmacology
- 1 February 1997
Dopamine Receptor Gene Expression in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe
- J. Meador-Woodruff, D. Grandy, S. Watson
- BiologyNeuropsychopharmacology
- 1 May 1994
The results provide a description of the distribution of these receptor mRNAs in normal humans and suggest multiple levels of complexity as well as regulation of the medial temporal lobe dopamine projection.
Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene expression and promoter polymorphisms in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
- V. Luca, O. Likhodi, H. V. Tol, J. Kennedy, A. Wong
- Psychology, BiologyPsychopharmacology
- 21 October 2005
The tryptophan hydroxylase isoform-2 gene (Tph2) is located on chromosome 12 and is expressed primarily in brain tissue and the potential role of this gene in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder is clarified.
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