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Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: Basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated…

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Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

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A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report of an IFCN committee

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Preconditioning of Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Evidence for Homeostatic Plasticity in the Human Motor Cortex

TLDR
Changing the initial state of the motor cortex by a period of DC polarization reversed the conditioning effects of 1 Hz rTMS, suggesting the existence of a homeostatic mechanism in the human motor cortex that stabilizes corticospinal excitability within a physiologically useful range.
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How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain?

TLDR
TDCS is an effective means of provoking sustained and widespread changes in regional neuronal activity and the extensive spatial and temporal effects of tDCS need to be taken into account when tDCS is used to modify brain function.
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Cerebral metabolic changes accompanying conversion of mild cognitive impairment into Alzheimer's disease: a PET follow-up study

TLDR
A newly emerging reduction of rCMRglc in prefrontal cortical areas is associated with the transition from MCI to AD, and this change was observed in the MCIMCI group.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation: new insights into representational cortical plasticity

TLDR
The lasting effects of rTMS offer new possibilities to study dynamic aspects of the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases and may have therapeutic potential in some neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Abnormal associative plasticity of the human motor cortex in writer's cramp.

TLDR
In patients with writer's cramp, the motor system exhibited an abnormal increase in corticospinal excitability and an attenuated reinforcement of intracortical inhibitory circuits that generate the CSP in response to associative stimulation.
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Functional MRI of the immediate impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical and subcortical motor circuits

TLDR
The present findings support the notion that re‐afferent feedback from evoked movements represents the dominant input to the motor system via M1 during suprathreshold stimulation, and reflect the capability of rTMS to target both local and remote brain regions as tightly connected constituents of a cortical and subcortical network.
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Acute Remapping within the Motor System Induced by Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

TLDR
The results of this study suggest that maintenance of task performance may involve activation of premotor areas contralateral to the site of rTMS, similar to that seen in stroke patients, and changes in motor activations in the premotor cortex of the nonstimulated hemisphere suggest an rT MS-induced remodeling of motor representations during movement.
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