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Upstream Migration of Xylella fastidiosa via Pilus-Driven Twitching Motility
TLDR
It is demonstrated that two knockout mutants that are deficient in type IV pili do not twitch and are inhibited from colonizing upstream vascular regions in planta, and mutants with insertions in pilB or pilQ express enhanced biofilm formation, whereas a mutant with an insertion in fimA is biofilm deficient.
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Two new fluorescent dyes applicable for visualization of fungal cell walls.
TLDR
Two fluorophores, Solophenyl Flavine 7GFE 500 and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B, are described as useful dyes of fungal cell walls, septa and bud scars examined microscopically and provide an excellent alternative to the more commonly used fluorophore, Calcofluor White M2R.
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Signaling for Growth Orientation and Cell Differentiation by Surface Topography in Uromyces
TLDR
The dimensions of the topographical signals for growth orientation and infection structure formation, a cell differentiation event that includes nuclear division, were determined for the stomatal penetrating rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, indicating that the fungus is able to distinguish uniquely minute differences in leaf surface topography in order to infect the host plant.
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Survey for the Three Major Leafroll Disease-Associated Viruses in Finger Lakes Vineyards in New York.
TLDR
The prevalence of the three major leafroll disease-associated viruses in Finger Lakes vineyards results likely from poor sanitary status of planting materials, stressing the need to reinstate a certification program in New York.
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Type I and type IV pili of Xylella fastidiosa affect twitching motility, biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation.
Xylella fastidiosa, an important phytopathogenic bacterium, causes serious plant diseases including Pierce's disease of grapevine. It is reported here that type I and type IV pili of X. fastidiosa…
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Assessing Adhesion Forces of Type I and Type IV Pili of Xylella fastidiosa Bacteria by Use of a Microfluidic Flow Chamber
TLDR
The experimental results demonstrate that microfluidic flow chambers are useful and convenient tools for assessing the drag forces necessary for detaching bacterial cells and that with specific pilus mutants, the role of the pilus type can be further assessed.
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Appressorium formation in response to topographical signals by 27 rust species.
TLDR
The formation of urediniospore appressoria in response to micro-fabricated topographies was observed for 27 species of rust fungi representing eight genera, and a broader range of ridge heights was observed to be inductive for appressorium formation.
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Ultrastructure of freeze-substituted hyphae of the basidiomyceteLaetisaria arvalis
SummaryThe ultrastructure of freeze-substituted (FS) hyphae ofLaetisaria arvalis is described and compared to that of similar hyphae preserved by conventional chemical fixation (CF). The outline of…
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Diversity of ampeloviruses in mealybug and soft scale vectors and in grapevine hosts from leafroll-affected vineyards.
TLDR
A comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of viral amplicons from soft scales, mealybugs, and grapevines from which vectors were collected showed identical or highly similar haplotypes, indicating that uptake of GLRaV-1 and GL RaV-3 likely occurred by direct feeding of vectors on their host plants.
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Laetisaria arvalis (Aphyllophorales, Corticiaceae): a possible biological control agent for Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium species.
TLDR
Laetisaria arvalis, a soil-inhabiting basidiomycete, is described from culture as a new species and its potential importance as a biological control agent against Thanatephorus cucumerus (Frank) Donk the cause of a root rot of sugar beets is discussed.
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