Tim-3 was initially identified on activated Th1, Th17, and Tc1 cells and induces T cell death or exhaustion after binding to its ligand, Gal-9. The observed relationship between dysregulated Tim-3… (More)
Sepsis is an excessive inflammatory condition with a high mortality rate and limited prediction and therapeutic options. In this study, for the first time, to our knowledge, we found that… (More)
Anti-CD3 mAb have potentials to treat overt autoimmunity as reported recently. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this report, using an animal model of type 1 diabetes, we found… (More)
Clinical trials have shown that BAFF inhibitors do not reduce memory B cell levels but can reduce the number of mature B cells. It remains uncertain whether BAFF affects memory-maintaining cytokines… (More)
This study tested the hypothesis that besides the spleen, LNs, peripheral blood, and thymus contain a regulatory IL-10-producing CD19(+)CD5(+)CD1d(high) B cell subset that may play a critical role in… (More)
Complement 5a (C5a) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) are two important inflammatory mediators in sepsis. Here we studied the mechanisms underlying regulation of IL-17 by anaphylatoxin C5a. We found that… (More)
Complement represents a chief component of innate immunity in host defense. However, excessive complement activation has been involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we… (More)
Interleukin-12 family cytokines have emerged as critical regulators of immunity with some members (IL-12, IL-23) associated with disease pathogenesis while others (IL-27, IL-35) mitigate autoimmune… (More)
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) remains largely unclear. Here we found that T-cell Ig mucin-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand, galectin 9 (Gal-9), were significantly decreased in UC patients and… (More)
Clinical trials suggest that BAFF inhibitors such as atacicept (TACI-IgG) and belimumab (anti-BAFF antibody) could not reduce memory B-cell numbers, although they reduced the numbers of CD20(+) naïve… (More)