Giuliana Giribaldi

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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), secreted by activated monocytes, degrades matrix proteins, disrupts basal lamina, and activates TNF-alpha from its precursors. In turn, TNF-alpha enhances… (More)
Haemozoin (HZ, malarial pigment) is a crystalline ferriprotoporphyrin IX polymer derived from undigested host haemoglobin haem, present in late stages of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized RBCs and in… (More)
Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized red blood cells (RBCs) are equipped with protective antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins (HSPs). The latter are only considered to protect against thermal… (More)