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Milestones in the history of diabetes mellitus: The main contributors.
TLDR
In 1921, Frederick Banting and Charles Best extended Minkowski's and Mering's experiment, and isolated insulin from pancreatic islets and administrated to patients suffering from type 1 diabetes, saving thus the lives of millions and inaugurating a new era in diabetes treatment.
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Blood pressure measurement: lessons learned from our ancestors.
The profound observations of William Harvey (1578-1657), in blood circulation and the progress of physical science laid the foundation for the development of the Iatrophysical School that contributed…
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From miasmas to germs: a historical approach to theories of infectious disease transmission.
TLDR
From miasma to germ theory, the evolution of conceptions in infectious disease transmission is traced, from the unproved theories of contagiousness up to the revolutionary germ theory of disease transmission.
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Malaria in Laconia, Greece, then and now: a 2500-year-old pattern.
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Mary Mallon (1869-1938) and the history of typhoid fever
TLDR
Mary Mallon was a healthy carrier of Salmonella typhi whose nickname of “Typhoid Mary” had become synonymous with the spread of disease, as many were infected due to her denial of being ill.
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Isolating Colchicine in 19th Century: An Old Drug Revisited.
TLDR
From anti-gout drug during antiquity and a diuretic in 19th century, colchicine is currently administered in several affections such as Adamantiades-Behcet's disease, familial Mediterranean fever, pericarditis and atrial fibrillation.
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Galen's (130-201 AD) Conceptions of the Heart.
TLDR
Galen's erroneous theory of blood circulation, based on the inaccurate notion that venous blood passes through tiny pores in the heart's septum, moves from the right ventricle to the left, and is mixed with inhaled air from the lungs, blocked any new ideas in this field for more than 1500 years.
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Case series and a systematic review concerning the level of the aortic bifurcation.
TLDR
The mean level of AA corresponds to the body of L4 and presents a great range (form L3U to S1U) which is of great significance for interventional radiologists and especially vascular surgeons that deal with aneurism proximal to the aortic bifurcation.
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The Supratrochlear Artery Revisited: An Anatomic Review in Favor of Modern Cosmetic Applications in the Area
TLDR
This review article aims to synopsise the existing knowledge of the anatomy of the supratrochlear artery in close correlation with minimally invasive cosmetic procedures in the facial area such as soft-tissue filler injections.
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The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic, the Origins of the H1N1-virus Strain, a Glance in History
TLDR
This study purports to depict the general icon of the 1918 pandemic epoch, for the readers to shape an overview of the events of the era, and enlightens some aspects of virus blast.
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