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How cells respond to interferons.
TLDR
The Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription, and many of the interferon-induced proteins, play important alternative roles in cells, raising interesting questions as to how the responses to the interFERons intersect with more general aspects of cellular physiology and how the specificity of cytokine responses is maintained.
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Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins.
TLDR
A previously unrecognized direct signal transduction pathway to the nucleus has been uncovered: IFN-receptor interaction at the cell surface leads to the activation of kinases of the Jak family that phosphorylate substrate proteins called STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription).
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Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine
TLDR
The goal is to offer a molecular and clinical perspective that will enable IFNs or their TLR agonist inducers to reach their full clinical potential.
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Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53
TLDR
Evidence that implicates p53 in controlling entry into mitosis when cells enter G2 with damaged DNA or when they are arrested in S phase due to depletion of the substrates required for DNA synthesis is reviewed.
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The JAK-STAT pathway at twenty.
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SIGIRR, a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor–interleukin 1 receptor signaling
TLDR
Inflammation is enhanced in SIGIRR-deficient mice, as shown by their enhanced chemokine induction after IL-1 injection and reduced threshold for lethal endotoxin challenge and biochemical analysis indicated that SIGirR binds to the TLR–IL-1R signaling components in a ligand-dependent way.
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Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate.
TLDR
Ten percent dextran sulfate accelerates the rate of hybridization of randomly cleaved double-stranded DNA probes to immobilized nucleic acids by as much as 100-fold, without increasing the background significantly.
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A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-gamma.
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulates transcription of specific genes by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of a 91-kilodalton cytoplasmic protein (termed STAT for signal transducer and activator of…
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Method for detection of specific RNAs in agarose gels by transfer to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and hybridization with DNA probes.
TLDR
This procedure allows detection of specific RNA bands with high sensitivity and low background by hybridization with 32P-labeled DNA probes followed by autoradiography.
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p53 controls both the G2/M and the G1 cell cycle checkpoints and mediates reversible growth arrest in human fibroblasts.
TLDR
It is confirmed that p53 can mediate arrest at this stage, as well as in G1, and that irreversible arrest must involve processes other than or in addition to the interaction of p53-induced p21/WAF1 with G1 and G2 cyclin-dependent kinases.
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