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The genetic legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in extant Europeans: a Y chromosome perspective.

TLDR
A significant correlation between the NRY haplotype data and principal components based on 95 protein markers was observed, indicating the effectiveness of NRY binary polymorphisms in the characterization of human population composition and history.
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Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations

Binary polymorphisms associated with the non-recombining region of the human Y chromosome (NRY) preserve the paternal genetic legacy of our species that has persisted to the present, permitting…
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The phylogeography of Y chromosome binary haplotypes and the origins of modern human populations

TLDR
A set of unique event polymorphisms associated with the non‐recombining portion of the Y‐chromosome (NRY) addresses this issue by providing evidence concerning successful migrations originating from Africa, which can be interpreted as subsequent colonizations, differentiations and migrations overlaid upon previous population ranges.
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Genetic evidence of an early exit of Homo sapiens sapiens from Africa through eastern Africa

TLDR
M is rendered the first genetic indicator for the hypothesized exit route from Africa through eastern Africa/western India, possibly the only successful early dispersal event of modern humans out of Africa.
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The Role of Selection in the Evolution of Human Mitochondrial Genomes

TLDR
The surplus of nonsynonymous mutations is a general feature of the young branches of the phylogenetic tree, affecting also those that are found only in Africa, and a new calibration method is introduced to estimate the coalescent times of mtDNA haplogroups.
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Origins and divergence of the Roma (gypsies).

TLDR
Principal-components analysis and analysis of molecular variance indicate that genetic structure in extant endogamous Romani populations has been shaped by genetic drift and differential admixture and correlates with the migrational history of the Roma in Europe.
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Low protein intake is associated with a major reduction in IGF-1, cancer, and overall mortality in the 65 and younger but not older population.

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Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations.

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Human genetic affinities for Y-chromosome P49a,f/TaqI haplotypes show strong correspondence with linguistics.

TLDR
Comparison of Y-chromosome and mtDNA RFLPs in a restricted set of populations shows a globally high level of congruence, but it also allows identification of unequal maternal and paternal contributions to the gene pool of several populations.
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Different genetic components in the Ethiopian population, identified by mtDNA and Y-chromosome polymorphisms.

TLDR
The hypothesis that the Ethiopian population experienced Caucasoid gene flow mainly through males is proposed, which contains African components ascribable to Bantu migrations and to an in situ differentiation process from an ancestral African gene pool, and exhibits some Y-chromosome affinities with the Tsumkwe San group is discussed.
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