Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation. A 35-year odyssey.
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- PsychologyAmerican Psychologist
- 1 September 2002
The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory. They describe the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the…
A theory of goal setting & task performance
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 1990
New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 1 October 2006
Goal-setting theory is summarized regarding the effectiveness of specific, difficult goals; the relationship of goals to affect; the mediators of goal effects; the relation of goals to self-efficacy;…
Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980.
- E. A. Locke, K. N. Shaw, L. Saari, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 1 July 1981
Abstract : A review of both laboratory and field studies on the effect of setting goals when learning or performing a task found that specific, challenging goals led more often to higher performance…
Work Motivation: History, Theory, Research, and Practice
- G. Latham
- Psychology
- 5 December 2011
Editor's Comments Preface: Person-Environment Fit 13 Critical Incidents in the Life of a Practitioner/Scientist Part I The 20th Century: Understanding the Past 1900-1925 Experimental Psychology…
Work motivation theory and research at the dawn of the twenty-first century.
This chapter focuses primarily on work reported between 1993 and 2003, concluding that goal-setting, social cognitive, and organizational justice theories are the three most important approaches to work motivation to appear in the last 30 years.
Work Motivation and Satisfaction: Light at the End of the Tunnel
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 1 July 1990
After decades of research it is now possible to offer a coherent, data-based theory of work motivation and job satisfaction. The present model combines aspects of the following theories: goal…
New developments in goal setting and task performance.
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 3 January 2013
Introduction / Edwin A. Locke and Gary P. Latham -- Goal setting theory, 1990 / Edwin A. Locke and Gary P. Latham -- The economic value of goal setting to employers / Frank L. Schmidt -- Stretch…
The Determinants of Goal Commitment
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham, M. Erez
- Psychology
- 1988
The concept and measurement of commitment to goals, a key aspect of goal-setting theory, are discussed. The strength of the relationship between commitment and performance is asserted to depend on…
What Should we do About Motivation Theory? Six Recommendations for the Twenty-First Century
- E. A. Locke, G. Latham
- Psychology
- 1 July 2004
We present six recommendations for building theories of work motivation that are more valid, more complete, broader in scope, and more useful to practitioners than existing theories. (1) Integrate…
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