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A theory of everything?
- G. ’t Hooft, L. Susskind, R. Penrose
- Physics, EducationNature
- 20 January 2005
In his later years, Einstein sought a unified theory that would extend general relativity and provide an alternative to quantum theory. There is now talk of a ‘theory of everything’ (although…
Computation of the quantum effects due to a four-dimensional pseudoparticle
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 2011
A detailed quantitative calculation is carried out of the tunneling process described by the Belavin-PolyakovSchwarz-Tyupkin field configuration. A certain chiral symmetry is violated as a…
The Scattering Matrix Approach for the Quantum Black Hole an Overview
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 1996
If one assumes the validity of conventional quantum field theory in the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole, one does not find a quantum mechanical description of the entire black hole that even…
Renormalizable Lagrangians for Massive Yang-mills Fields
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
Renormalizable models are constructed in which local gauge invariance is broken spontaneously. Feynman rules and Ward identities can be found by means of a path integral method, and they can be…
Time, the Arrow of Time, and Quantum Mechanics
- G. ’t Hooft
- PhilosophyFront. Phys.
- 29 August 2018
It is brought forward that viable theories of the physical world that have no variable at all that can play the role of time, do not exist; some notion of time is one of the very first ingredients a…
Fast Vacuum Fluctuations and the Emergence of Quantum Mechanics
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 5 October 2020
Fast moving classical variables can generate quantum mechanical behavior. We demonstrate how this can happen in a model. The key point is that in classically (ontologically) evolving systems one can…
The effect of spherical shells of matter on the Schwarzschild black hole
- T. Dray, G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 1 December 1985
Based on previous work we show how to join two Schwarzschild solutions, possibly with different masses, along null cylinders each representing a spherical shell of infalling or outgoing massless…
Virtual Black Holes and Space–Time Structure
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 2018
In the standard formalism of quantum gravity, black holes appear to form statistical distributions of quantum states. Now, however, we can present a theory that yields pure quantum states. It shows…
Rigorous construction of planar diagram field theories in four dimensional Euclidean space
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics, Mathematics
- 1983
Asymptotically free quantum field theories with planar Feynman diagrams [such as SU(∞) gauge theory] are considered in 4 dimensional Euclidean space. It is shown that if all particles involved have…
Quantization of Point Particles in 2+1 Dimensional Gravity and Space-time Discreteness
- G. ’t Hooft
- Physics
- 1996
By investigating the canonical commutation rules for gravitating quantized particles in a 2+1 dimensional world it is found that these particles live on a space-time lattice. The space-time lattice…
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