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Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance
TLDR
Optogenetics opens the door to a new kind of informational analysis of brain function, permitting quantitative delineation of the functional significance of individual elements in the emergent operation and function of intact neural circuitry.
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Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex
TLDR
Structural-guided engineering of a CRISPR-Cas9 complex to mediate efficient transcriptional activation at endogenous genomic loci is described and the potential of Cas9-based activators as a powerful genetic perturbation technology is demonstrated.
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Emerging roles of Nrf2 and phase II antioxidant enzymes in neuroprotection
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Unexpected consequences of a sudden and massive transposon amplification on rice gene expression
TLDR
This study exploits the completely sequenced rice genome to determine 1,664 insertion sites using high-throughput sequencing of 24 individual rice plants and assess the impact of insertion on the expression of 710 genes by comparative microarray analysis, finding that the vast majority of transposable element insertions either upregulate or have no detectable effect on gene transcription.
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Improved soybean oil quality by targeted mutagenesis of the fatty acid desaturase 2 gene family.
TLDR
The ability to create a valuable trait in a single generation through targeted modification of a gene family demonstrates the power of TALENs for genome engineering and crop improvement.
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A single mutation in the prM protein of Zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly
TLDR
A single serine-to-asparagine substitution in the viral polyprotein substantially increased ZIKV infectivity in both human and mouse neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and led to more severe microcephaly in the mouse fetus, as well as higher mortality rates in neonatal mice.
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Mice with Shank3 Mutations Associated with ASD and Schizophrenia Display Both Shared and Distinct Defects
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Structural basis of JAZ repression of MYC transcription factors in jasmonate signaling
TLDR
Arabidopsis MYC3 undergoes pronounced conformational changes when bound to the conserved Jas motif of the JAZ9 repressor, which elucidate a dynamic molecular switch mechanism that governs the repression and activation of a major plant hormone pathway.
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Transposition of the rice miniature inverted repeat transposable element mPing in Arabidopsis thaliana
TLDR
It is reported that mPing is active in Arabidopsis thaliana, where its transposition is catalyzed by three sources of transposase from rice: the autonomous Ping and Pong elements and by a cDNA derived from a Ping transcript.
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RNF111-dependent neddylation activates DNA damage-induced ubiquitination.
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