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- Publications
- Influence
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
- F. Craik, R. Lockhart
- Psychology
- 1 December 1972
This paper briefly reviews the evidence for multistore theories of memory and points out some difficulties with the approach. An alternative framework for human memory research is then outlined in… Expand
Depth of processing and the retention of words
- F. Craik, E. Tulving
- Psychology, Geology
- 1975
SUMMARY Ten experiments were designed to explore the levels of processing framework for human memory research proposed by Craik and Lockhart (1972). The basic notions are that the episodic memory… Expand
Bilingualism, aging, and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task.
- E. Bialystok, F. Craik, R. Klein, M. Viswanathan
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychology and aging
- 1 June 2004
Previous work has shown that bilingualism is associated with more effective controlled processing in children; the assumption is that the constant management of 2 competing languages enhances… Expand
Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals.
- E. Bialystok, F. Craik, G. Luk
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of experimental psychology. Learning…
- 1 July 2008
Ninety-six participants, who were younger (20 years) or older (68 years) adults and either monolingual or bilingual, completed tasks assessing working memory, lexical retrieval, and executive… Expand
In Search of the Self: A Positron Emission Tomography Study
- F. Craik, T. M. Moroz, +4 authors S. Kapur
- Psychology
- 1 January 1999
Previous work using positron emission tomography (PET) has shown that memory encoding processes are associated with preferential activation of left frontal regions of the brain, whereas retrieval… Expand
The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory.
- F. Craik, R. Govoni, M. Naveh-Benjamin, N. D. Anderson
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of experimental psychology. General
- 1 June 1996
The authors examined the effects of divided attention (DA) at encoding and retrieval in free recall, cued recall, and recognition memory in 4 experiments. Lists of words or word pairs were presented… Expand
Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia
- E. Bialystok, F. Craik, M. Freedman
- Psychology, Medicine
- Neuropsychologia
- 2007
This study examined the effect of lifelong bilingualism on maintaining cognitive functioning and delaying the onset of symptoms of dementia in old age. The sample was selected from the records of 228… Expand
Cognition through the lifespan: mechanisms of change
- F. Craik, E. Bialystok
- Psychology, Medicine
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- 1 March 2006
Cognitive abilities rise steeply from infancy to young adulthood and then are either maintained or decline to old age, depending on the specific ability. This pattern suggests corresponding… Expand
Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain
- E. Bialystok, F. Craik, G. Luk
- Psychology, Medicine
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- 1 April 2012
Building on earlier evidence showing a beneficial effect of bilingualism on children's cognitive development, we review recent studies using both behavioral and neuroimaging methods to examine the… Expand
Lapses of Intention and Performance Variability Reveal Age-Related Increases in Fluctuations of Executive Control
- R. West, K. Murphy, M. Armilio, F. Craik, D. Stuss
- Psychology, Medicine
- Brain and Cognition
- 1 August 2002
We examine the hypothesis that the efficiency of executive control processes is less stable over time in older than younger adults. An age-related decrease in the efficiency of executive control… Expand