Since the introduction of Red Bull in Austria in 1987 and in the United States in 1997, the energy drink market has grown exponentially. Hundreds of different brands are now marketed, with caffeine… (More)
Rationale: The availability of the highly selective and specific kappa opioid agonist enadoline provides an opportunity to explore the function of kappa receptors in humans and their potential… (More)
A liquid chromatographic-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for determination of the antiabuse medication, buprenorphine, its primary… (More)
OBJECTIVE
This study compared the efficacy of buprenorphine and methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence.
METHOD
Participants (N = 164) were relatively treatment-naive, opioid-dependent… (More)
BACKGROUND
People who stop consuming caffeine may have symptoms, but the incidence and severity of caffeine withdrawal are not known. This study was performed to determine the effects in the general… (More)
OBJECTIVE
The extent to which daily caffeine use is associated with a substance dependence syndrome similar to that associated with other psychoactive drugs is unknown. The purpose of this study was… (More)
Rationale: Buprenorphine is a partial mu opioid agonist under development as a sublingual (SL) medication for opioid dependence treatment in the United States. Because buprenorphine may be abused,… (More)
UNLABELLED
Methadone is used for the treatment of opioid addiction and for treatment of chronic pain. The safety of methadone has been called into question by data indicating a large increase in the… (More)
OBJECTIVES
To assess the efficacy and safety of varenicline (Chantix) for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Varenicline is a partial α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine agonist approved by the Food and… (More)
Buprenorphine is an opioid partial agonist being developed for possible use in the treatment of opioid dependence. In a previous study up to 8 mg of buprenorphine administered 20 hr after a daily… (More)