The activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in dendritic cells (DCs) triggers a rapid inflammatory response to pathogens. However, this response must be tightly regulated because unrestrained TLR… (More)
Emerging studies indicate an association between virus-induced impairment in type I interferon (IFN-I) production and enhanced susceptibility to opportunistic infections, which represent a major… (More)
Although deficient CD8(+) T cell responses have long been associated with chronic viral infections, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here we report that sustained transforming growth… (More)
Multiple inhibitory molecules create a profoundly immunuosuppressive environment during chronic viral infections in humans and mice. Therefore, eliciting effective immunity in this context represents… (More)
The antiviral response is largely mediated by dendritic cells (DCs), including conventional (c) DCs that function as antigen-presenting cells, and plasmacytoid (p) DCs that produce type I… (More)
The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a formidable battle horse for the study of viral immunology, as well as viral persistence and associated diseases.… (More)
Understanding, treating, and preventing diseases caused by immunosuppression and/or persistent infections remain both a major challenge in biomedical research and an important health goal. For a… (More)
The control of B cell expansion has been thought to be solely regulated by T lymphocytes. We show in this study that Trypanosoma cruzi infection induces up-regulation of both Fas and Fas ligand… (More)
In adaptive antibody responses, B cells are induced to grow either in follicles where they form germinal centers or in extrafollicular foci as plasmablasts. Extrafollicular growth typically occurs in… (More)
Galectin-1 (GAL-1), a highly conserved beta-galactoside-binding protein, has shown immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated the regulation of GAL-1 expression within the B-cell… (More)