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- Publications
- Influence
Development of an electrically stimulated neoanal sphincter
- N. Williams, J. Patel, B. George, R. Hallan, E. Watkins
- Medicine
- The Lancet
- 9 November 1991
In early surgical attempts to create a neoanal sphincter for patients who are faecally incontinent, skeletal muscle (usually the gracilis) has been transposed around the anal canal. Despite… Expand
The Estrogen Elixir: A History of Hormone Replacement Therapy in America
- E. Watkins
- Medicine
- 16 April 2007
In the first complete history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), Elizabeth Siegel Watkins illuminates the complex and changing relationship between the medical treatment of menopause and cultural… Expand
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How the pill became a lifestyle drug: the pharmaceutical industry and birth control in the United States since 1960.
- E. Watkins
- Medicine
- American journal of public health
- 11 July 2012
Marketing decisions, rather than scientific innovations, have guided the development and positioning of contraceptive products in recent years. I review the stalled progress in contraceptive… Expand
Medicine, Masculinity, and the Disappearance of Male Menopause in the 1950s
- E. Watkins
- Medicine
- 1 August 2008
Summary. In an earlier article, I described how the topic of male menopause lived on in the popular press from the mid-1950s through the mid-1990s in spite of its contemporary absence from the… Expand
Construction of a neoanal sphincter by transposition of the gracilis muscle and prolonged neuromuscular stimulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence.
- N. S. Willams, R. Hallan, T. Koeze, M. Pilot, E. Watkins
- Medicine
- Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of…
- 1 March 1990
Six patients incapacitating faecal incontinence, in whom conventional treatment had either failed or was contraindicated, were treated by a new technique. A neonanal sphincter was constructed by… Expand
The medicalisation of male menopause in America.
- E. Watkins
- Medicine
- Social history of medicine : the journal of the…
- 1 August 2007
The topic of male menopause occupied space on the medical radar screen from the late 1930s through the mid-1950s, then virtually disappeared for the next four decades, until the late 1990s. By… Expand
Construction of a neorectum and neoanal sphincter following previous proctocolectomy
- N. Williams, R. Hallan, T. Koeze, E. Watkins
- Medicine
- The British journal of surgery
- 1 November 1989
A new operation is described in which a neorectum and neoanal sphincter mechanism have been constructed to restore gastrointestinal continuity and continence in a patient who had previously undergone… Expand