E. Giorgi

Publications80
h-index31
Citations10,276
Highly Influential Citations491
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Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus
Identification and characterization of transmitted and early founder virus envelopes in primary HIV-1 infection
TLDR
A mathematical model of random viral evolution and phylogenetic tree construction is developed and used to analyze 3,449 complete env sequences derived by single genome amplification from 102 subjects with acute HIV-1 (clade B) infection, suggesting a finite window of potential vulnerability of HIV- 1 to vaccine-elicited immune responses, although phenotypic properties of transmitted Envs pose a formidable defense.
The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection
TLDR
Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling of virus immune escape showed that the contribution of CD8 T cell–mediated killing of productively infected cells was earlier and much greater than previously recognized and that it contributed to the initial decline of plasma virus in acute infection.
Genetic identity, biological phenotype, and evolutionary pathways of transmitted/founder viruses in acute and early HIV-1 infection
TLDR
Viral properties associated with mucosal HIV-1 transmission and a limited set of rapidly evolving adaptive mutations driven primarily, but not exclusively, by early cytotoxic T cell responses are revealed.
Phenotypic properties of transmitted founder HIV-1
TLDR
TF viruses are enriched for higher Env content, enhanced cell-free infectivity, improved dendritic cell interaction, and relative IFN-α resistance, which should be considered in the development and testing of AIDS vaccines.
Transmission of Single HIV-1 Genomes and Dynamics of Early Immune Escape Revealed by Ultra-Deep Sequencing
TLDR
Traces of immune escape were observed in the earliest samples, suggesting that immune pressure is present and effective earlier than previously reported; quantifying the loss rate of the founder virus suggests a direct role for CD8 T-lymphocyte responses in viral containment after peak viremia.
High Multiplicity Infection by HIV-1 in Men Who Have Sex with Men
TLDR
Higher multiplicity of HIV-1 infection in MSM compared with HSX is consistent with the demonstrably higher epidemiological risk of virus acquisition in MSM and could indicate a greater challenge for HIV- 1 vaccines than previously recognized.
Low-dose rectal inoculation of rhesus macaques by SIVsmE660 or SIVmac251 recapitulates human mucosal infection by HIV-1
TLDR
The molecular features of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission in 18 experimentally infected Indian rhesus macaques are determined to validate the SIV–macaque mucosal infection model for HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research.
Quantitating the Multiplicity of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Reveals a Non-Poisson Distribution of Transmitted Variants
TLDR
In a combined analysis of 171 subtype B and C transmission events, it is found that infection with more than one variant does not follow a Poisson distribution, indicating that transmission of individual virions cannot be seen as independent events, each occurring with low probability.
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through Recombination and Strong Purifying Selection
TLDR
Evidence of strong purifying selection around the receptor binding motif (RBM) in the spike gene and in other genes among bat, pangolin and human coronaviruses, indicating similar strong evolutionary constraints in different host species is shown.
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