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Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers
TLDR
It is shown that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls, and enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods.
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Trading genes along the silk road: mtDNA sequences and the origin of central Asian populations.
TLDR
It seems unlikely that altitude has exerted a major selective pressure on mitochondrial genes in central Asian populations, because lowland and highland Kirghiz mtDNA sequences are very similar, and the analysis of molecular variance has revealed that the fraction of mitochondrial genetic variance due to altitude is not significantly different from zero.
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Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans
TLDR
The results suggest that there has been gene flow between some Native Americans from both North and South America and groups related to East Asians and Australo-Melanesians, the latter possibly through an East Asian route that might have included ancestors of modern Aleutian Islanders.
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Ethiopian genetic diversity reveals linguistic stratification and complex influences on the Ethiopian gene pool.
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Mitochondrial DNA diversity in South America and the genetic history of Andean highlanders.
TLDR
Comparison of among-population variability of mtDNA and Y-chromosome DNA seems to indicate that South America is the only continent where the levels of differentiation are similar for maternal and paternal lineages.
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On the edge of Bantu expansions: mtDNA, Y chromosome and lactase persistence genetic variation in southwestern Angola
TLDR
Genetic variation in southwestern Angola essentially results from the encounter of an offshoot of West-Central Africa with autochthonous Khoisan-speaking peoples from the south.
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Genetic differentiation in South Amerindians is related to environmental and cultural diversity: evidence from the Y chromosome.
TLDR
A model for the evolution of the male lineages of South Amerindians that involves differential patterns of genetic drift and gene flow is proposed, consistent with the linguistic and cultural diversity of South America, the environmental heterogeneity of the continent, and the available paleoecological data.
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The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia
TLDR
It is shown that Steppe ancestry then integrated further south in the first half of the second millennium BCE, contributing up to 30% of the ancestry of modern groups in South Asia, supporting the idea that the archaeologically documented dispersal of domesticates was accompanied by the spread of people from multiple centers of domestication.
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On the origins and admixture of Malagasy: new evidence from high-resolution analyses of paternal and maternal lineages.
TLDR
This paper fits the Malagasy admixture history in a highly resolved phylogeographic framework by typing a large set of mitochondrial DNA and Y DNA markers in unrelated individuals from inland and coastal ethnic groups, allowing performance of a multilevel analysis in which the diversity among main ethnic divisions, lineage ancestries, and modes of inheritance could be concurrently evaluated.
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Microsatellite variation and evolution of human lactase persistence
TLDR
This study shows that a limited number of microsatellite loci may provide sufficient resolution to reconstruct key aspects of the evolutionary history of lactase persistence, providing an alternative to approaches based on large numbers of SNPs.
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