Self-Affirmations Provide a Broader Perspective on Self-Threat
- Clayton R. Critcher, D. Dunning
- PsychologyPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- 1 January 2015
An “affirmation as perspective” model of how self-affirmations alleviate threat and defensiveness is presented, offering a unifying account for a wide variety of seemingly unrelated findings and mysteries in theSelf-affirmation literature.
Incidental environmental anchors
- Clayton R. Critcher, T. Gilovich
- Psychology
- 1 July 2008
Three studies examined whether potential anchor values that are incidentally present in the environment can affect a person's numerical estimates. In Study 1, estimates of an athlete's performance…
Visceral fit: While in a visceral state, associated states of the world seem more likely.
- Jane L. Risen, Clayton R. Critcher
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 May 2011
The results suggest that visceral states can influence one's beliefs by making matching states of the world easier to simulate and therefore seem more likely.
The cost of keeping it hidden: decomposing concealment reveals what makes it depleting.
- Clayton R. Critcher, M. Ferguson
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. General
- 31 March 2014
The studies are the first to assess which part of an act of self-regulation--monitoring for specific behavior to override or the actual altering of that behavior--is responsible for observed depletion, and suggest that social environments that explicitly or implicitly encourage identity concealment may prevent people from performing optimally.
How Quick Decisions Illuminate Moral Character
- Clayton R. Critcher, Y. Inbar, David A Pizarro
- Psychology
- 1 May 2013
It has been suggested that people attend to others’ actions in the service of forming impressions of their underlying dispositions. If so, it follows that in considering others’ morally relevant…
Inferring Attitudes From Mindwandering
- Clayton R. Critcher, T. Gilovich
- PsychologyPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- 12 July 2010
It is proposed here that people rely on the content of their mindwandering to decide whether it reflects boredom with an ongoing task or a reverie’s irresistible pull.
When Self-Affirmations Reduce Defensiveness: Timing Is Key
- Clayton R. Critcher, D. Dunning, D. Armor
- PsychologyPersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- 26 May 2010
The authors’ results suggest that defensive responses may not be spontaneous and may be prompted only when suggested by the dependent measures themselves, which explains why some affirmations positioned after threats are effective in reducing defensiveness.
Affect in the abstract: Abstract mindsets promote sensitivity to affect
- Clayton R. Critcher, M. Ferguson
- Psychology
- 1 November 2011
Predicting persons' versus a person's goodness: behavioral forecasts diverge for individuals versus populations.
- Clayton R. Critcher, D. Dunning
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 2013
6 studies showed that behavioral forecasts of individuals and populations systematically differ, with individuals forecast as more likely than populations to perform behaviors that emerge primarily because of an individual-level force-a person's will-but not behaviors that are encouraged by social norms.
The involuntary excluder effect: those included by an excluder are seen as exclusive themselves.
- Clayton R. Critcher, Vivian Zayas
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 September 2014
Using different methodological paradigms, converging outcome measures, and complementary comparison standards, 5 studies present evidence of an involuntary excluder effect: social perceivers are quick to see included persons as though they are excluders themselves.
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