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Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

Histologic evidence indicates southern Africa as the origin of the amphibian chytrid fungus, and it is likely that southern Africa is the birthplace of the fungus.
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Multiple emergences of genetically diverse amphibian-infecting chytrids include a globalized hypervirulent recombinant lineage

It is postulate that contact between previously genetically isolated allopatric populations of Bd may have allowed recombination to occur, resulting in the generation, spread, and invasion of the hypervirulent BdGPL leading to contemporary disease-driven losses in amphibian biodiversity.
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Amphibian fungal panzootic causes catastrophic and ongoing loss of biodiversity

A global, quantitative assessment of the amphibian chytridiomycosis panzootic demonstrates its role in the decline of at least 501 amphibian species over the past half-century and represents the greatest recorded loss of biodiversity attributable to a disease.
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Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Panzootic chytrid fungus out of Asia Species in the fungal genus Batrachochytrium are responsible for severe declines in the populations of amphibians globally. The sources of these pathogens have…
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Rapid Global Expansion of the Fungal Disease Chytridiomycosis into Declining and Healthy Amphibian Populations

The molecular population genetics of a global collection of fungal strains from both declining and healthy amphibian populations are addressed using DNA sequence variation from 17 nuclear loci and a large fragment from the mitochondrial genome, providing evidence that the observed genotypic variation can be generated by loss of heterozygosity through mitotic recombination.
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Mitigating amphibian chytridiomycoses in nature

This article focuses on discussing options for mitigating the threats once disease emergence has occurred in wild amphibian populations, and assesses disease mitigation options critically and embeds them within more comprehensive strategies for the conservation of amphibians, communities and ecosystems.
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Quantification of the trade in Xenopus laevis from South Africa, with implications for biodiversity conservation

Abstract Harvesting wild amphibians for animal trade and consequent introductions of exotic species are considered threats to biodiversity. For this study, we evaluated the literature and unpublished…
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Widespread presence of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibian communities in Madagascar

Results may suggest that Bd arrived recently, but do not exclude the existence of a previously undetected endemic Bd genotype, which could pose significant threats to Madagascar's unique “megadiverse” amphibians.
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Seasonal Pattern of Chytridiomycosis in Common River Frog (Amietia angolensis) Tadpoles in the South African Grassland Biome

It is indicated that infection levels increased during spring in the Grassland Biome, when temperatures favoured optimum thermal growth of the fungus and when streams reached minimum flow levels, which is inconsistent with the findings of past studies.
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Biodiversity. Confronting amphibian declines and extinctions.

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