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- Publications
- Influence
Gender differences in self-esteem: a meta-analysis.
- K. C. Kling, J. Hyde, C. Showers, B. N. Buswell
- Psychology, Medicine
- Psychological bulletin
- 1 July 1999
Two analyses were conducted to examine gender differences in global self-esteem. In analysis I, a computerized literature search yielded 216 effect sizes, representing the testing of 97,121… Expand
Compartmentalization of positive and negative self-knowledge: keeping bad apples out of the bunch.
- C. Showers
- Medicine
- Journal of personality and social psychology
- 1992
Three studies examined whether categorical organization of knowledge about the self explains variance in self-esteem and depression beyond that which is accounted for by sheer amount of positive or… Expand
A review of paradoxical performance effects: Choking under pressure in sports and mental tests
- R. Baumeister, C. Showers
- Psychology
- 1 October 1986
Paradoxical performance effects (‘choking under pressure’) are defined as the occurrence of inferior performance despite striving and incentives for superior performance. Experimental demonstrations… Expand
The dynamic self: how the content and structure of the self-concept change with mood.
- C. Showers, L. Abramson, M. Hogan
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of personality and social psychology
- 1 August 1998
Change in the content and structure of the self-concept was examined in a 2-year prospective study of depression. A self-descriptive card-sorting task measured the self-concepts of participants who… Expand
Organization of knowledge about a relationship partner: Implications for liking and loving
- C. Showers, Suzanne B. Kevlyn
- Psychology
- 1 June 1999
In close relationships, the association between negative beliefs about a partner and loving was found to be moderated by how that negative knowledge was organized. In general, evaluatively… Expand
The motivational and emotional consequences of considering positive or negative possibilities for an upcoming event.
- C. Showers
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of personality and social psychology
- 1 September 1992
The hypothesis that attention to negative possibilities for an upcoming event can have advantages for performance in comparison with a more optimistic approach was examined in 2 studies. Focus of… Expand
Organization of self-knowledge: implications for recovery from sad mood.
- C. Showers, K. C. Kling
- Psychology, Medicine
- Journal of personality and social psychology
- 1 March 1996
In compartmentalized self-organization, positive and negative self-beliefs are separated into distinct categories (i.e., self-aspects), so that each self-aspect contains primarily positive or… Expand
Compartmentalization of positive and negative self-knowledge: keeping bad apples out of the bunch
- C. Showers
- Psychology
- 1 June 1992
Three studies examined whether categorical organization of knowledge about the self explains variance in self-esteem and depression beyond that which is accounted for by sheer amount of positive or… Expand
Self-Structure and Self-Esteem Stability: The Hidden Vulnerability of Compartmentalization
- Virgil Zeigler-Hill, C. Showers
- Psychology, Medicine
- Personality & social psychology bulletin
- 1 February 2007
The present studies examined the association between self-concept structure and stability of self-esteem. In two daily diary studies, evaluative integration (organizing positively and negatively… Expand
Distinguishing defensive pessimism from depression: Negative expectations and positive coping mechanisms
- C. Showers, C. Ruben
- Psychology
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- 1 August 1990
Anticipatory thoughts and feelings of defensively pessimistic and moderately depressed college students were compared in order to identify factors that distinguish effective strategies of negative… Expand