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The rise of oxygen in Earth’s early ocean and atmosphere
TLDR
The initial increase of O2 in the atmosphere, its delayed build-up in the ocean, its increase to near-modern levels in the sea and air two billion years later, and its cause-and-effect relationship with life are among the most compelling stories in Earth’s history.
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Low Mid-Proterozoic atmospheric oxygen levels and the delayed rise of animals
TLDR
Evidence for inhibited oxidation of Cr at Earth’s surface in the mid-Proterozoic is found, suggesting that atmospheric O2 levels were at most 0.1% of present atmospheric levels.
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Evidence for oxygenic photosynthesis half a billion years before the Great Oxidation Event
The early Earth was characterized by the absence of oxygen in the ocean–atmosphere system, in contrast to the well-oxygenated conditions that prevail today. Atmospheric concentrations first rose to…
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Widespread iron-rich conditions in the mid-Proterozoic ocean
TLDR
Results indicate that ferruginous (anoxic and Fe2+-rich) conditions were both spatially and temporally extensive across diverse palaeogeographic settings in the mid-Proterozoic ocean, inviting new models for the temporal distribution of iron formations and the availability of bioessential trace elements during a critical window for eukaryotic evolution.
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Pervasive oxygenation along late Archaean ocean margins
The photosynthetic production of oxygen in the ocean is thought to have begun at least 2.7 billion years ago. The geochemistry of marine sediments deposited 2.6 billion years ago suggests that ocean…
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Proterozoic ocean redox and biogeochemical stasis
TLDR
This model suggests that the oceanic Mo reservoir is extremely sensitive to perturbations in the extent of sulfidic seafloor and that the record of Mo and chromium enrichments through time is consistent with the possibility of a Mo–N colimited marine biosphere during many periods of Earth’s history.
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A Late Archean Sulfidic Sea Stimulated by Early Oxidative Weathering of the Continents
TLDR
Findings indicate that euxinic conditions may have been common on a variety of spatial and temporal scales both before and immediately after the Paleoproterozoic rise in atmospheric oxygen, hinting at previously unexplored texture and variability in deep ocean chemistry during Earth’s early history.
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The evolution of the marine phosphate reservoir
TLDR
There is a peak in phosphorus-to-iron ratios in Neoproterozoic iron formations dating from ∼750 to ∼635 Myr ago, indicating unusually high dissolved phosphate concentrations in the aftermath of widespread, low-latitude ‘snowball Earth’ glaciations.
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Evolution of the global phosphorus cycle
TLDR
A compilation of phosphorus abundances in marine sedimentary rocks spanning the past 3.5 billion years is presented and it is found that a combination of enhanced phosphorus scavenging in anoxic, iron-rich oceans and a nutrient-based bistability in atmospheric oxygen levels could have resulted in a stable low-oxygen world.
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A shale-hosted Cr isotope record of low atmospheric oxygen during the Proterozoic
TLDR
Evidence for a delayed rise of atmospheric oxygen strongly suggests that environmental factors have played a fundamental role in controlling the emergence and expansion of complex life on Earth.
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