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Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Cell Death in MCF7 by a Novel Inhibitor of Neutral Sphingomyelinase*
TLDR
GW4869 was able, in a dose-dependent manner, to significantly protect from cell death as measured by nuclear condensation, caspase activation, PARP degradation, and trypan blue uptake, therefore localizing N-SMase activation upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism: from modular to integrative signaling.
TLDR
A role is proposed for enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism in integration of cell responses, a role that builds on the modular organization while also taking advantage of the complexity and interconnectedness of lipid metabolism, thus providing for a combinatorial mechanism of generating diversity in cell responses.
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Ceramide in the eukaryotic stress response.
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Sphingomyelin Synthase, a Potential Regulator of Intracellular Levels of Ceramide and Diacylglycerol during SV40 Transformation
TLDR
The results suggest SMS as an important biochemical target for D609, and they raise the distinct possibility that many of the roles of PC-PLC, especially in cell transformation, may be attributable to SMS.
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Biochemical Properties of Mammalian Neutral Sphingomyelinase2 and Its Role in Sphingolipid Metabolism*
Neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) is one of the key enzymes involved in the generation of ceramide; however, the gene(s) encoding for the mammalian N-SMase is still not well defined. Previous…
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Sphingomyelin synthases regulate production of diacylglycerol at the Golgi.
TLDR
Modulation of SMS1 and, to a lesser extent, SMS2 affected the formation of DAG at the Golgi apparatus, and down-regulation of SMS 1 and SMS2 reduced the localization of the DAG-binding protein PKD (protein kinase D) to the Gol Gi apparatus.
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Role of Sphingolipids in Microbial Pathogenesis
TLDR
The goal of this review is to introduce and discuss microbial sphingolipids and their corresponding metabolizing enzymes as regulators of pathogenesis and to propose new hypotheses and perspectives toward a better understanding of the host-microbe interaction mediated by sphingoipids.
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Identification of ISC1 (YER019w) as Inositol Phosphosphingolipid Phospholipase C inSaccharomyces cerevisiae *
TLDR
This study identifies the first enzyme involved in catabolism of complex sphingolipids in S. cerevisiae by identifyingISC1 (YER019w), which has homology to bacterial neutral sphingomyelinase (SMase), encodes IPS phospholipase C (IPS-PLC).
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Sphingomyelin synthase as a potential target for D609-induced apoptosis in U937 human monocytic leukemia cells.
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A mitochondrial pool of sphingomyelin is involved in TNFalpha-induced Bax translocation to mitochondria.
TLDR
Results suggest that the generation of ceramide in mitochondria in response to TNFalpha is sufficient to induce Bax translocation to mitochondria and subsequent cytochrome c release and cell death.
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