Variant of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers risk of type 2 diabetes
- S. Grant, G. Thorleifsson, K. Stefánsson
- Biology, MedicineNature Genetics
- 15 January 2006
A microsatellite within intron 3 of the transcription factor 7–like 2 gene (TCF7L2; formerly TCF4) was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is thought to act through regulation of proglucagon gene expression in enteroendocrine cells via the Wnt signaling pathway.
The diagnosis of osteoporosis
- J. Kanis, L. J. Melton, C. Christiansen, C. Johnston, N. Khaltaev
- MedicineSouthern medical journal (Birmingham, Ala. Print)
- 1 August 1992
Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
- S. Cummings, J. S. San Martin, C. Christiansen
- MedicineNew England Journal of Medicine
- 10 December 2009
Denosumab given subcutaneously twice yearly for 36 months was associated with a reduction in the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral, and hip fractures in women with osteoporosis.
Reduction of Vertebral Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis Treated With Raloxifene: Results From a 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial
- B. Ettinger, D. Black, P. Lips
- Medicine
- 2000
It is indicated that raloxifene treatment over 3 years not only preserves bone mass but also lowers the risk of new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, regardless of whether they have had fractures before starting treatment.
Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures.
- U. Styrkársdóttir, B. Halldórsson, K. Stefánsson
- Medicine, BiologyNew England Journal of Medicine
- 29 May 2008
Common sequence variants that are consistently associated with bone mineral density and with low-trauma fractures in three populations of European descent are discovered and provide insight into the biochemical pathways underlying osteoporosis.
Effects of Oral Ibandronate Administered Daily or Intermittently on Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
- C. Chesnut, A. Skag, P. Delmas
- MedicineJournal of Bone and Mineral Research
- 1 August 2004
This is the first study to prospectively show antifracture efficacy for the intermittent administration of a bisphosphonate in osteoporotic women with prevalent vertebral fracture.
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture
- K. Estrada, U. Styrkársdóttir, F. Rivadeneira
- BiologyNature Genetics
- 9 April 2012
Light is shed on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility and within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways.
Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation…
- B. Ettinger, D. Black, S. Cummings
- MedicineJAMA
- 18 August 1999
In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, raloxifene increases bone mineral density in the spine and femoral neck and reduces risk of vertebral fracture and was associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer.
A variant in CDKAL1 influences insulin response and risk of type 2 diabetes
- V. Steinthorsdottir, G. Thorleifsson, K. Stefánsson
- Biology, MedicineNature Genetics
- 1 June 2007
We conducted a genome-wide association study for type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Icelandic cases and controls, and we found that a previously described variant in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene…
The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women
- J. Kanis, A. Odén, N. Yoshimura
- MedicineOsteoporosis International
- 24 February 2007
BMD and clinical risk factors predict hip and other osteoporotic fractures with higher specificity and sensitivity than either alone and provide the basis for the integrated use of validated Clinical risk factors in men and women to aid in fracture risk prediction.
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