Self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source: willpower is more than a metaphor.
- M. Gailliot, R. Baumeister, B. Schmeichel
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 February 2007
It is suggested that self-control relies on glucose as a limited energy source, and a single act of self- Control causes glucose to drop below optimal levels, thereby impairing subsequent attempts at self- control.
Attention control, memory updating, and emotion regulation temporarily reduce the capacity for executive control.
- B. Schmeichel
- PsychologyJournal of experimental psychology. General
- 1 May 2007
The results supported a limited resource model of executive control and cast doubt on competing accounts based on mood, motivation, or task difficulty as a significant contextual determinant of the operation of executive processes.
What Is Ego Depletion? Toward a Mechanistic Revision of the Resource Model of Self-Control
- M. Inzlicht, B. Schmeichel
- PsychologyPerspectives on Psychological Science
- 1 September 2012
Though the process model of depletion may sacrifice the elegance of the resource metaphor, it paints a more precise picture of ego depletion and suggests several nuanced predictions for future research.
Making choices impairs subsequent self-control: a limited-resource account of decision making, self-regulation, and active initiative.
- K. Vohs, R. Baumeister, B. Schmeichel, J. Twenge, Noelle M. Nelson, D. Tice
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 May 2008
A field study found that reduced self-control was predicted by shoppers' self-reported degree of previous active decision making, and studies suggested that choosing is more depleting than merely deliberating and forming preferences about options and moreDepleting than implementing choices made by someone else.
Executive functions and self-regulation
- W. Hofmann, B. Schmeichel, A. Baddeley
- PsychologyTrends in Cognitive Sciences
- 1 March 2012
Intellectual performance and ego depletion: role of the self in logical reasoning and other information processing.
- B. Schmeichel, K. Vohs, R. Baumeister
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 July 2003
Successful performance at complex thinking may rely on limited regulatory resources, and depletion of the self's regulatory resources was manipulated by having some participants initially regulate attention or emotion.
A Multilab Preregistered Replication of the Ego-Depletion Effect
- M. Hagger, N. Chatzisarantis, M. Zwienenberg
- PsychologyPerspectives on Psychological Science
- 1 July 2016
The size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.15]), and implications of the findings for the psyche depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control are discussed.
Why self-control seems (but may not be) limited
- M. Inzlicht, B. Schmeichel, C. Macrae
- PsychologyTrends in Cognitive Sciences
- 1 March 2014
Self-affirmation and self-control: affirming core values counteracts ego depletion.
- B. Schmeichel, K. Vohs
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 April 2009
The present investigation revealed that a psychological intervention-self-affirmation-facilitates self-control when the resource has been depleted and holds promise as a mental strategy that reduces the likelihood of self- control failure.
Working memory capacity and the self-regulation of emotional expression and experience.
- B. Schmeichel, Rachael N. Volokhov, H. Demaree
- PsychologyJournal of Personality and Social Psychology
- 1 December 2008
Findings indicate that cognitive ability contributes to the control of emotional responding and that people higher in working memory capacity more capably appraised emotional stimuli in an unemotional manner.
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