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The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise.

It is suggested that myokines may be involved in mediating the health-beneficial effects of exercise and that these in particular are involved in the protection against chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin.

These studies in human liver cell cultures, mice, and human volunteers indicate that IL-6 is the necessary and sufficient cytokine for the induction of hepcidin during inflammation and that the IL- 6-hepcid in axis is responsible for the hypoferremia of inflammation.
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Position statement. Part one: Immune function and exercise.

The epidemiological distinction between the generic term "physical activity" and the specific category of "exercise", which implies activity for a specific purpose such as improvement of physical condition or competition is recognised.
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Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6.

This review focuses on the myokine IL-6, its regulation by exercise, its signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, and its role in metabolism in both health and disease.
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IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans.

IL-6 induces an increase in cortisol and, consequently, in neutrocytosis and late lymphopenia to the same magnitude and with the same kinetics as during exercise, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-6 has a central role in exercise-induced leukocyte trafficking.
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Gut Microbiota in Human Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Differs from Non-Diabetic Adults

The results of this study indicate that type 2 diabetes in humans is associated with compositional changes in intestinal microbiota and the level of glucose tolerance should be considered when linking microbiota with metabolic diseases such as obesity and developing strategies to control metabolic diseases by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation.

Con considerations of the clinical ramifications of exercise in the prevention of diseases for which the immune system has a role is of importance, and the interactions between exercise and infectious diseases as well as exercise and neoplasia within the context of both aging and nutrition are addressed.
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Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ

The finding that the muscle secretome consists of several hundred secreted peptides provides a conceptual basis and a whole new paradigm for understanding how muscles communicate with other organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, bones and brain.
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Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans

Strenuous exercise induces an increase in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL‐1β and a dramatic increases in the inflammation responsive cytokine IL‐6, which is balanced by the release of cytokine inhibitors (IL‐1ra, sT NF‐r1 and sTNF‐r2) and the anti‐inflammatoryocyte IL‐10.
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Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases

This review provides the reader with the up‐to‐date evidence‐based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety,…
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