BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis remains an important cause of death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Robust data are lacking with regard to the timing for the initiation… (More)
Effective immune responses against pathogens are sometimes accompanied by strong inflammatory reactions. To minimize damage to self, the activation of the immune system also triggers… (More)
The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene is rapidly activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Here, we show that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase activity but not calcineurin… (More)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
2001
Certain HLA-B antigens have been associated with lack of progression to AIDS. HLA-B alleles can be divided into two mutually exclusive groups based on the expression of the molecular epitopes HLA-Bw4… (More)
The lethality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains the highest among infectious organisms and is linked to inadequate immune response of the host. Containment and cure of tuberculosis requires an… (More)
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
1990
We have identified a region of the human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter that is necessary for maximal constitutive, virus-induced, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced… (More)
The human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene is one of the earliest genes expressed upon the activation of a T or B cell through its antigen receptor. Previous experiments have demonstrated… (More)
We investigated the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) in FcepsilonRI-dependent activation of mouse mast cells, using xid and btk null mutant mice. Unlike B cell development, mast cell… (More)
Several susceptibility-associated genetic polymorphisms have been proposed to explain differential susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) disease progression in different populations. Here,… (More)
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine with pleiotropic biological effects, is produced by a variety of cell types in response to induction by diverse stimuli. In this paper, TNF-alpha… (More)