Dynamics of crowd disasters: an empirical study.
- D. Helbing, Anders Johansson, H. Z. Al-Abideen
- PhysicsPhysical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and…
- 18 January 2007
Video recordings of the crowd disaster in Mina/Makkah during the Hajj in 1426H on 12 January 2006 are analyzed and reveal two subsequent, sudden transitions from laminar to stop-and-go and "turbulent" flows, which question many previous simulation models.
Self-Organized Pedestrian Crowd Dynamics: Experiments, Simulations, and Design Solutions
- D. Helbing, L. Buzna, Anders Johansson, T. Werner
- EngineeringTransportation Science
- 1 February 2005
It turns out that "obstacles" can stabilize flow patterns and make them more fluid, and zigzag-shaped geometries and columns can reduce the pressure in panicking crowds.
Pedestrian, Crowd and Evacuation Dynamics
- D. Helbing, Anders Johansson
- Computer ScienceEncyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science
- 6 September 2013
Self-organization Spontaneous organization not induced by initial or boundary conditions, by regulations or constraints, and it often causes different kinds of spatio-temporal patterns of motion, which are caused by social interactions rather than by physical interactions or fields.
Experimental study of the behavioural mechanisms underlying self-organization in human crowds
- M. Moussaïd, D. Helbing, S. Garnier, Anders Johansson, M. Combe, G. Theraulaz
- BiologyProceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological…
- 7 August 2009
The experimental results reveal features of the decision process when pedestrians choose the side on which they evade, and show a side preference that is amplified by mutual interactions.
Specification of the Social Force Pedestrian Model by Evolutionary Adjustment to Video Tracking Data
- Anders Johansson, D. Helbing, P. Shukla
- Computer ScienceAdvances in Complex Systems
- 1 December 2007
An evolutionary optimization algorithm is applied to determine optimal parameter specifications for the social force model and the calibrated model is used for large-scale pedestrian simulations of evacuation scenarios, pilgrimage, and urban environments.
Constructing cities, deconstructing scaling laws
- E. Arcaute, E. Hatna, P. Ferguson, Hyejin Youn, Anders Johansson, M. Batty
- Computer ScienceJournal of the Royal Society Interface
- 8 January 2013
It is found that most urban indicators scale linearly with city size, regardless of the definition of the urban boundaries, however, when nonlinear correlations are present, the exponent fluctuates considerably.
Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans
- John R. G. Dyer, Anders Johansson, D. Helbing, I. Couzin, J. Krause
- PsychologyPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B…
- 27 March 2009
The results of three new experiments looking at leadership and decision making in small and large human groups find that having a mixture of leaders positioned in the centre and on the edge of a group increases the speed and accuracy with which the group reaches their target.
Gravity versus radiation models: on the importance of scale and heterogeneity in commuting flows.
- A. P. Masucci, J. Serras, Anders Johansson, M. Batty
- PhysicsPhysical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and…
- 25 June 2012
It is shown that the thermodynamic limit assumption for the original radiation model significantly underestimates the commuting flows for large cities, and the parameter-free radiation model gives competitive results, especially for large scales.
From Crowd Dynamics to Crowd Safety: a Video-Based Analysis
- Anders Johansson, D. Helbing, H. Z. Al-Abideen, Salim Al-Bosta
- PhysicsAdvances in Complex Systems
- 1 August 2008
Previously unexpected pattern formation phenomena are revealed and the average individual speed does not go to zero even at local densities of 10 persons per square meter, which has implications for the capacity assessment and dimensioning of facilities for mass events.
Data-Driven Modeling of Pedestrian Crowds
- Anders Johansson
- Computer Science
- 13 July 2009
Video recordings from the crowd disaster in Mina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where hundreds of pilgrims lost their lives during the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah, gave the possibility to scientifically evaluate the dynamics of the crowd and empirically evaluate many of the previous assumptions used for pedestrian simulations.
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