There are currently two Food and Drug Administration-approved classes of biologic agents that target tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha): anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (adalimumab and… (More)
The production of the alphavirus virion is a multistep event requiring the assembly of the nucleocapsid core in the cytoplasm and the maturation of the glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and… (More)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) remains a significant health threat worldwide, especially to the young and old. While some of the biomolecules involved in pneumococcal pathogenesis are known… (More)
The exocyst is an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex required for the targeting and docking of post-Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane. Through its interactions with a variety of… (More)
During human immunodeficiency virus entry, gp41 undergoes a series of conformational changes that induce membrane fusion. Immediately prior to fusion, gp41 exists in a prehairpin intermediate in… (More)
Ferritins are iron storage proteins made of 24 subunits forming a hollow spherical shell. Vertebrate ferritins contain varying ratios of heavy (H) and light (L) chains; however, known ferritin… (More)
The endocrine hormone FGF21 has attracted considerable interest as a potential therapeutic for treating diabetes and obesity. As an alternative to the native cytokine, we generated bispecific Avimer… (More)
The polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a type I transmembrane protein that delivers dimeric IgA (dIgA) and pentameric IgM to mucosal secretions. Here, we report the 1.9 A resolution X-ray… (More)
The mucosal regions of the body are responsible for defense against environmental pathogens. Particularly in the lumen of the gut, antibody-mediated immune responses are critical for preventing… (More)