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Effects of the plant-derived hallucinogen salvinorin A on basal dopamine levels in the caudate putamen and in a conditioned place aversion assay in mice: agonist actions at kappa opioid receptors
TLDR
The inhibitory effect of salvinorin A on striatal dopamine levels may contribute to its induction of conditioned place aversion and decreases in locomotion in mice.
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Effects of extended access to high versus low cocaine doses on self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement and brain mRNA levels in rats
TLDR
The escalation of cocaine SA under LgA conditions is dose-dependent and is associated with heightened susceptibility to drug-induced relapse, and the characterization of neurobiological alterations that accompany escalated SA should facilitate the identification of mechanisms underlying the onset of human addiction.
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Predictable individual differences in the initiation of cocaine self-administration by rats under extended-access conditions are dose-dependent
TLDR
The present findings indicate that predictable individual differences in cocaine SA under extended access conditions are relevant only at low doses and are surmountable by increasing the available dose of cocaine.
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The single nucleotide polymorphism A118G alters functional properties of the human mu opioid receptor
TLDR
A functional role of the A118G genotype in responses to endogenous and exogenous opioids is demonstrated and stable expression of variant and prototype receptors was characterized by differences in levels of cell surface binding capacity.
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Differential gene expression in the rat caudate putamen after “binge” cocaine administration: Advantage of triplicate microarray analysis
TLDR
Rat genome U34A (Affymetrix®) oligonucleotide microarrays were used to analyze changes in gene expression in the caudate putamen of Fischer rats induced by 1 and 3 days of “binge” cocaine (or saline) administration, demonstrating the potential of microarray in profiling gene expression with ≥40% increase or ≥14% decrease in mRNA levels for discovery of novel cocaine‐responsive genes.
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Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuse.
TLDR
Allelic variation at the promoter region of the prodynorphin gene (alleles with three or four repeats), which may result in enhanced transcription of the gene, may contribute to relative protection and decrease individual vulnerability to develop cocaine dependence or abuse.
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A Functional Haplotype Implicated in Vulnerability to Develop Cocaine Dependence is Associated with Reduced PDYN Expression in Human Brain
TLDR
Evidence is provided that a 3′UTR PDYN haplotype, implicated in vulnerability to develop cocaine addiction and/or cocaine/alcohol codependence, is related to lower mRNA expression of the PDYN gene in human dorsal and ventral striatum.
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Nalmefene Induced Elevation in Serum Prolactin in Normal Human Volunteers: Partial Kappa Opioid Agonist Activity?
TLDR
Elevations in serum prolactin following nalmefene are consistent with this partial agonist effect at kappa-opioid receptors, and may enhance its therapeutic efficacy in selected addictive diseases.
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Corticotropin-releasing factor and type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor messenger RNAs in rat brain and pituitary during "binge"-pattern cocaine administration and chronic withdrawal.
TLDR
The results suggest that the attenuated response in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic binge cocaine administration is coupled to the cocaine-induced decreases in CRF gene expression in the leptin-releasing factor region and that activation of CRFGene expression in extrahypothalamic regions may have implications for a molecular understanding of the behavioral responses to cocaine.
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Dynorphin A1-13 causes elevation of serum levels of prolactin through an opioid receptor mechanism in humans: gender differences and implications for modulation of dopaminergic tone in the treatment…
TLDR
Results suggest dynorphin A1-13 lowers tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic tone through action at kappa- and possibly mu-opioid receptors, and may be effective in the management of cocaine addiction.
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