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Degradation of the Cry1Ab protein within transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field
TLDR
The results suggest that extended pre‐ and post‐commercial monitoring are necessary to assess the long‐term impact of Bt toxin in transgenic plant residues on soil organisms.
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Effects of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis corn-fed prey on mortality and development time of immature Chrysoperla cornea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
TLDR
The results suggest that the reduced fitness of chrysopid larvae was associated with B. thuringiensis corn, and some unnoticed adverse effects in S. littoralis may have occurred because of the B.ThuringiensIS exposure and nutritional deficiency caused by sick prey.
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Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin to the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
TLDR
It is demonstrated that CrylAb is toxic to C. carnea at 100 μ mg/ml of diet by using encapsulated artificial diet.
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Immunological analysis of phloem sap of Bacillus thuringiensis corn and of the nontarget herbivore Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) for the presence of Cry1Ab
TLDR
Cry1Ab was clearly detected in both larvae of the leaf chewing herbivore Spodoptera littoralis and their faeces, showing that Cry1Ab is detectable after ingestion and excretion by herbivores.
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Effects of transgenic Bt corn litter on the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris
TLDR
Investigation of the impact of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn on immature and adult Lumbricus terrestris in the field and in the laboratory indicated that earthworms in both experiments were exposed to the Bt toxin throughout the whole experimental time.
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Effects of Activated Bt Transgene Products (Cry1Ab, Cry3Bb) on Immature Stages of the Ladybird Adalia bipunctata in Laboratory Ecotoxicity Testing
TLDR
An improved ecotoxicity testing protocol and feeding trials suggest that the increased mortality of larvae in the toxin feeding trials was caused directly by the activated Bt toxins and raises questions regarding their commonly postulated specificity and their mode of action in A. bipunctata.
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Teosinte in Europe – Searching for the Origin of a Novel Weed
TLDR
It is inferred that Spanish teosinte is of admixed origin, most likely involving Zea mays ssp.
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Science-Based Risk Assessment for Nontarget Effects of Transgenic Crops
TLDR
An ecological risk-assessment model is proposed that preserves the strengths and avoids the deficiencies of two other commonly used models, the ecotoxicology and nonindigenous-species models, and locally occurring nontarget species are classified according to their ecological function.
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Prey‐mediated effects of Cry1Ab toxin and protoxin and Cry2A protoxin on the predator Chrysoperla carnea
TLDR
The findings of this study demonstrate that tritrophic level studies are necessary to assess the long‐term compatibility of insecticidal plants with important natural enemies.
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Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates
TLDR
The results do not show major changes in the decomposition of Bt maize residue and in the composition of the soil organism community, however, further studies are needed that assess the impact of the continuous release of Cry1Ab via root exudates and plant biomass on the soil ecosystem.
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