Animal models of human placentation--a review.
- A. Carter
- Biology, Medicine
- Placenta
- 1 April 2007
It is concluded that continued research on non-human primates is needed to clarify embryonic-endometrial interactions and models that are likely to be established in the wake of comparative genomics include the marmoset, tree shrew, hedgehog tenrec and nine-banded armadillo. Expand Evolution of placental function in mammals: the molecular basis of gas and nutrient transfer, hormone secretion, and immune responses.
- A. Carter
- Biology, Medicine
- Physiological reviews
- 1 October 2012
Coevolution in the primate lineage of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigens can be linked to the deep invasion of the uterus by trophoblast that is a characteristic feature of human placentation. Expand Comparative aspects of trophoblast development and placentation
- A. Carter, A. Enders
- Biology, Medicine
- Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E
- 5 July 2004
It is argued that a definitive epitheliochorial placenta is a secondary specialization and that it evolved twice,once in the Laurasiatheria and once in the lemurs and lorises. Expand What can comparative studies of placental structure tell us?--A review.
The diversity of placental structures in Eutherian mammals is such that drawing generalizations from the definitive forms is problematic and more complete studies of divergent types of mammalian placenta should help understanding of mammalian interrelationships as well as placental function. Expand Evolutionary transformations of fetal membrane characters in Eutheria with special reference to Afrotheria.
A reconstruction of the evolution of characters associated with placentation, the fetal membranes and the female reproductive tract is attempted and it is possible to identify morphological characters that could be synapomorphic for this novel taxon Afrotheria. Expand Human placentation from nidation to 5 weeks of gestation. Part I: What do we know about formative placental development following implantation?
Current knowledge of early placental formation from the time of implantation at 3 weeks of gestation to approximately 5-6 weeks of pregnancy is discussed, encompassing both the significant anatomical findings derived from the unique specimens obtained in the mid-20th century and the renewed study of this period over the past 10 years as novel models of implantsation have been developed. Expand Spatial and temporal patterns of expression of messenger RNA for insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the placenta of man and laboratory animals.
Comparative studies will continue to be required to understand the functional role of IGFs and IGFBPs in each species, and to highlight the diversity in the expression of the IGF system among placentae of man and different laboratory animals, and even between closely related species. Expand Placentation in cloned cattle: structure and microvascular architecture.
The NT placentas had a range of pathomorphological changes; this was likely associated with the poor clinical outcome of NT pregnancies. Expand Evolution of the placenta and fetal membranes seen in the light of molecular phylogenetics.
- A. Carter
- Biology, Medicine
- Placenta
- 1 November 2001
Comparative studies of placental function normally are confined to primates, rodents, lagomorphs and domestic animals: the biological diversity represented by mammals that evolved in ancient Africa and South America is not represented and future comparative studies should strive to include species such as the rock hyrax and the armadillo. Expand The role of invasive trophoblast in implantation and placentation of primates
The evolution of invasive placentation in primates towards the deep penetration of the endometrium and its arteries in hominoids is reviewed and trophoblast invasion that extends remodelling of the spiral arteries to segments in the inner myometrium evolved in the common ancestor of gorilla, chimp and human. Expand