The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling
- L. O’Neill, A. Bowie
- Biology, Computer ScienceNature reviews. Immunology
- 1 May 2007
The function of the fifth adaptor, SARM, has been revealed, which negatively regulates TRIF, and it is shown that it acts as a bridging adaptor in the initiation of TLR signalling.
IFI16 is an innate immune sensor for intracellular DNA
- Leonie Unterholzner, S. Keating, A. Bowie
- BiologyNature Immunology
- 1 November 2010
IFI16 (p204) is the first PYHIN protein to their knowledge shown to be involved in IFN-β induction and forms a new family of innate DNA sensors the authors call 'AIM2-like receptors' (ALRs).
The history of Toll-like receptors — redefining innate immunity
- L. O’Neill, D. Golenbock, A. Bowie
- BiologyNature reviews. Immunology
- 1 June 2013
Toll-like receptors have a central role in immunity — in this Timeline article, the landmark findings that gave rise to this important field of research are described.
Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction
- K. Fitzgerald, E. Pålsson-McDermott, L. O’Neill
- BiologyNature
- 6 September 2001
A protein is described, Mal (MyD88-adapter-like), which joins MyD88 as a cytoplasmic TIR-domain-containing protein in the human genome, which is therefore an adapter in TLR-4 signal transduction.
The human adaptor SARM negatively regulates adaptor protein TRIF–dependent Toll-like receptor signaling
- M. Carty, R. Goodbody, M. Schröder, J. Stack, P. Moynagh, A. Bowie
- BiologyNature Immunology
- 10 September 2006
The fifth mammalian TIR adaptor SARM is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling, and 'knockdown' of endogenous SARM expression by interfering RNA led to enhanced TRIF-dependent cytokine and chemokine induction.
Immune sensing of DNA.
- S. Paludan, A. Bowie
- Biology, MedicineImmunity
- 23 May 2013
Vaccinia virus protein A46R targets multiple Toll-like–interleukin-1 receptor adaptors and contributes to virulence
The function of the vaccinia virus (VV) protein A46R is defined and it is shown it inhibits intracellular signalling by a range of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and is functionally distinct from another described VV TLR inhibitor, A52R.
A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling.
- A. Bowie, E. Kiss-Toth, J. Symons, G. Smith, S. Dower, L. O’Neill
- BiologyProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences…
- 29 August 2000
Two vaccinia virus ORFs are identified, termed A46R and A52R, that share amino acid sequence similarity with the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, a motif that defines the IL-1/Toll-like receptor (TLR) superfamily of receptors, which have a key role in innate immunity and inflammation.
Viral targeting of DEAD box protein 3 reveals its role in TBK1/IKKε‐mediated IRF activation
- M. Schröder, Marcin Baran, A. Bowie
- BiologyEMBO Journal
- 6 August 2008
A novel VACV protein, K7, is described, which can inhibit PRR‐induced IFN‐β induction by preventing TBK1/IKKε‐mediated IRF activation and Ifnb promoter induction.
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